Saturday, April 30, 2016

Philippians: a report essay (draft)


            “Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus, To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and deacons: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.” Philippians 1:1-2 (ESV). Following the letter style of the Time Paul open with a greeting of blessing. But while others might just use these words as a formality, Paul seems to use them genuinely. Going through the letters of Paul it can be seen that he is very much so interested in the welfare of those to whom he is writing. While there are mentions of various reasons for Paul’s letter to the church at Philippi, he returns time and again to a certain emphasis; exhortation. Vine’s Dictionary, a dictionary for Old and New Testament words, defines exhort/exhortation as such, “‘to admonish, exhort, too urge’ one to pursue some course of conduct… ‘to recommend’… to encourage… ‘a calling to one’s side,’ and so ‘to one’s aid,’…” (Unger, 1984). These various meanings seem to take place throughout Paul’s letter to the Philippians.
            “… he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.” Philippians 1:6 (NIV). Here there is the encouragement spoken of above. Paul is encouraged himself by the partnership of this church with him from the beginning until that point. The New Bible Commentary, or TNBC (1953) says, “His writing was also an opportunity to encourage…” TNBC is a work which has been compiled and edited over the years by various scholars. Their stated purpose is to present the most concise and condensed version of a commentary without omitting worthwhile content. Here they have found it necessary to inform that this letter, Philippians, is written in part to encourage.
“The main reason for the letter… was Paul's need to give some pastoral advice.” In Exploring the New Testament (Marshall, 2002) the authors, like those of TNBC, found the most concise way to report pertinent information about the letter to the Philippians. Here they express that Paul needed to give pastoral advice. Like in the definition above, advice is a part of exhortation. What are some other ways Paul exhorted the Philippians?
            “… then make my joy complete by being like-minded, having the same love, being one in spirit and of one mind. Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit. Rather, in humility value others above yourselves,” Philippians 2:2-3 (NIV). Paul is not daunted with how to exhort the church. He addresses things as he sees them. Here he is pointing to how they may be of different mindsets amongst themselves, or perhaps they are of one mind together, but separate from that of Paul’s mind. Either way he does not want them to continue in this fashion, but to be of one mind, and that being not of selfish ambition. Zondervan’s Handbook for the Bible (Alexander, 1973) states, “And what he had heard about them made him long to encourage and advise.” What had he heard? From what Paul discusses they heard of Epaphroditus being ill to the point of death. In addition to that they knew Paul was in need, and this evidenced by the gifts they sent him. Also Paul mentions being torn between leaving to be with God, and staying to continue the work of the Gospel. Their reaction to these circumstances may be the cause of his letter and need to communicate with them, and encourage them.  “… To encourage the readers to rejoice always in the lord.” This is how the author of A Popular Survey of the New Testament (Geisler, 2007) understands it. As Paul exhorts, his focus is on rejoicing and joy, these occur fourteen times throughout the letter. For a man who has suffered so much because of the Gospel this seems an odd recommendation. But this is the basis of Christian life. Paul rejoices if he is to be poured out like a drink offering. Why? Because of what it produces in the church.
            “There is a reason why Paul, near the end of his long, seasoned ministry, stressed
to ministers to remain patient with those to whom they taught, encouraged, and exhorted.
He said, ‘Preach the word! Be ready in season and out of season. Convince, rebuke,
exhort, with all longsuffering and teaching’ (2 Tim 4:2, emphasis added).” (Gutierrez, 2013). The author goes on to speak of why it is important. She speaks of how “people are ‘in process’” and the people of God should be patient while ministering to people. Why does Paul feel the need to exhort a church who by his own account is doing well, and is a blessing to him? Because things can get messy. Groups can be formed for good, but turn into places that exclude those who do not fit the criteria. As at other times Paul addresses circumcision. This was one of the main issues of the time. And like how children need to be reminded, the church needed to be reminded of how it ought to conduct itself.
But Paul was not just about advising and correcting. He was also very thankful. Liebengood, Associate Professor of Biblical Studies and Director of the Center for Global Service Learning at LeTourneau University, states, “For Paul, the partnership to which he calls the Philippians clearly involves financial giving: towards the end of the letter he commends the Philippians for their faithful giving to his ministry (4:15-16).” (Liebengood, 2015) This is not something Paul is frequently able to do, especially involving finances. While he is very thankful for the Philippian church partnering with him in this way, his advice is not changed or adulterated by it; Paul still addresses the issues he sees and hears of going on in the church at Philippi.
            To exhort the church is not an easy task. It involves skill and tact. Paul was not afraid to speak harshly if the situation merited it, as can be seen in Galatians 5:12 (NIV) “As for those agitators, I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!” This is harsh. But Paul does not need a heavy hand here. As he says, “… It is no trouble for me to write the same things to you again, and it is a safeguard for you.” (Philippians 3:1). He knows what he needs to say and living by the guiding of the Holy Spirit he is capable of doing as he has been called to do; exhort the church. Philippians is a great example of what it is to exhort the church. From the start to the finish the words of Paul are impactful and purposeful, just as his life was, and is today. “The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.” (Philippians 4:23).


References
Alexander, D., & Alexander, P., (1973). Zondervan Handbook to the Bible (3rd ed.). Oxford,
Lion Publishing plc.
Carson, D. A., France, R. T., Motyer, J. A., &Wenham, G. J., (Eds). (1953). The New Bible
Commentary (21st Century ed.). Nottingham, InterVarsity Press.
Geisler, N. L., (2007). A Popular Survey of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, Baker
Publishing Group.
Gutierrez, T. L., (2013). AN EXPOSITIONAL STUDY OF THE LETTER TO THE
PHILIPPIANS WITH SPECIFIC APPLICATION TO CHRISTIAN WOMEN SERVING
VOCATIONALLY OR VOLUNTARILY IN LOCAL CHURCH MINISTRY. Retrieved April 3, 2016 from http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1856&context=doctoral.
 Liebengood, K. D., (2015). Paul’s Expectations of Generosity. Institute for Faith and
Learning at Baylor University. Retrieved April 3, 2016 from
 Marshall, H., Paul, I., & Travis, S., (2002). Exploring the New Testament: Volume
Two (2nd ed.). Downers Grove, InterVarsity Press.
Unger, M. F., Vine, W. E., & White, Jr., W., (1984). Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary of

Old and New Testament Words. Nashville, Tomas Nelson Inc.

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